An air strike on a Syrian refugee camp that reportedly killed at least 28 people could amount to a war crime, a senior UN official has told the BBC.
Stephen O'Brien, the UN humanitarian affairs chief, called for an inquiry into the attack on the Kamouna camp in the northern Idlib province.
Syrian or Russian forces are suspected. Syria's military denied involvement in the strike on a rebel-held area.
Thursday's attack came a day after the extension of a truce was confirmed.
The Syrian military and non-jihadist rebel forces had agreed to a temporary truce around the city of Aleppo, following pressure from the US and Russia.
But the UK-based monitoring group, Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), reported an upsurge in fighting between Syrian forces and al-Qaeda-affiliated jihadists close to Aleppo, killing more than 70 fighters from both sides.
The insurgents, including the al-Nusra Front, seized the strategically important village of Khan Tuman back from government forces, which had captured it in December, according to rebel sources and the SOHR. The Syrian army denied the reports, Reuters news agency said.
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A nationwide partial cessation of hostilities has been in place since February, but it has come under severe pressure recently, particularly around Aleppo, where some 300 people have died in clashes over the past two weeks.
The UN has warned that a collapse of the truce would be "catastrophic" and could send 400,000 more people towards the Turkish border.
Smouldering ground
"The suspicion will fall initially on the Syrian government and we will want to make sure that they, or whoever it is, are fully held to account for this absolutely abominable act," Mr O'Brien told the BBC on Friday.
The perpetrators will held to account, he added.
The Syrian military said there was "no truth to reports... about the Syrian air force targeting a camp for the displaced in the Idlib countryside", Reuters reported.
The Kamouna camp for internally displaced people is about 4km (2.5 miles) from Sarmada and 10km from the Turkish border.
The SOHR reported that 28 people had been killed, including women and children, and that 50 more were wounded.
The Local Co-ordination Committees, an opposition activist network, said about 30 people had been killed and dozens wounded.
Images on its Facebook page showed the aftermath of fires among the blue tents in the camp, with the ground still smouldering.
The Syria Civil Defence, a group of volunteer rescue workers, gave a similar number of civilian deaths.
The White House Josh Earnest said: "These individuals are in the most desperate situation imaginable, and there is no justification for carrying out military action targeting them."
UK Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond said the attack was "horrifying", adding: "The [Bashar al-] Assad regime's contempt for efforts to restore the cessation of hostilities in Syria is clear for all to see."
Thursday's attack came a day after a partial truce was extended to include Aleppo
The fighting in Aleppo earlier this week has been the most intense there for more than a year.
The SOHR said rebels had advanced into government-held western districts on Tuesday night but were pushed back by Wednesday morning.
Rebels began observing a ceasefire there on Wednesday and the Syrian military announced a 48-hour truce in the city from Thursday morning.
Some rocket attacks were reported on government-held areas on Thursday, but the intense air force strikes of recent days were absent.
The nationwide partial truce agreement does not include so-called Islamic State or the al-Qaeda-affiliated Nusra Front.
On Thursday IS militants captured the Shaer gas field in the east of the country, killing 30 troops, monitors said, while Russian jets were reported to have struck militants in Sukhna, north-west of Palmyra in central Syria.
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